Editor’s note: some tables in this piece are better viewed via computer (or just turn your phone sideways).
There’s been a lot of discourse this summer around the state of Tottenham Hotspur’s squad, as Ange Postecoglou and Johan Lange continue the long-awaited “painful rebuild”. A key piece of this squad building is ensuring you are meeting the requirements of the various football governing bodies in order to maximize the players you can register in your squad; something Spurs haven’t been particularly good at over the years.
Unfortunately, some not great planning up until this point has caused a bit of an awkward situation for Lange thanks to some of these aforementioned regulations. They are complex and varied, and there’s a lot of confusion out there in terms of what Spurs can, can’t, and need to do.
Thankfully, your friendly neighborhood Carty Free deputy to the managing editor is here to clean up any confusion, and give you a nice, simple breakdown of the rules (well, as simple as possible at least) and clarify where things are at in terms of Tottenham’s squad planning.
Premier League rules
To get us started, it’s important to clarify that the Premier League has different rules than UEFA competitions, quickly introducing our first layer of complexity. Thankfully, though, the PL regulations are reasonably straightforward, so let’s break them down:
You can register a squad of up to 25 players.
No more than 17 of those players can be non-”homegrown”, meaning a total of 17 “foreign” players plus as many homegrown players as you want up to a total of 25.
A homegrown player is defined as one registered with an FA (or Welsh FA)-affiliated club for either 3 years or 3 seasons before their 21st birthday (or the end of the season during which he turns 21).
You can have unlimited under-21 players on top of that 25-player limit. An U21 player is defined as one who turns 21 during the same calendar year as the start of that season, or earlier.
The most complicated part here is homegrown status, for which the wording is just slightly nebulous, but the rest is pretty logical, and Spurs are well set up to meet these regulations. Here’s the squad, broken down by the player type:
* indicates likely departures; “ indicates the possible outgoing of Richarlison and signing of Solanke; ^ indicates a weird situation with Pape Matar Sarr
The first thing to note here is Spurs do need to offload some players if they want to make more signings, as if they tried to register the squad above they would be one over the 25-player limit. That shouldn’t be an issue though, as a number of players are still likely to leave: the Royal to Milan saga rumbles on, Reguilon appears to have no future at the club, and Manor Solomon has been linked with a loan move. Tottenham are also fine when it comes to homegrown players. They currently have more than the 8 required to maximize squad numbers, so a homegrown signing isn’t necessarily a need for Spurs in the league - though in some ways it does future-proof you from additional homegrown departures (such as Forster, Davies, Whiteman, or Skipp).
Pape Matar Sarr’s situation is a weird one. By rights, he should be homegrown going into this season; but there’s been a lack of clarity as to whether he needs to be AT an English club for the entirety of those three seasons to qualify. Sarr was initially loaned back to Metz after he was signed, and it’s thought that because of this and some additional issues around entitlement to work in the UK he does not qualify. All other players that fall under the U21 list though should become homegrown players upon turning 21, including Lucas Bergvall; meaning Spurs are pretty set for the future.
UEFA Rules
OK, so this is where things get tricky. European competitions such as the Champions League or Europa League, in which Spurs are competing this season, have a slightly different (and more complicated) set of rules around squad construction. These are as follows:
Like the Premier League, there is a 25-player squad limit, known as List A.
Also like the Premier League, you can have unlimited U21 players on top of that, with one additional caveat: they need to have been at the club for 2 years to qualify. This is known as List B. The date cut-off is also slightly different (and less flexible), meaning you must turn 21 from the July preceding the season to qualify (rather than January).
Again, like the Premier League, there is a 17-player maximum of non-homegrown (known as non-”locally-trained”) players you can register in List A.
The other 8 spots are reserved for what UEFA call “locally-trained” players, split into “club-trained” players and 4 “association-trained players”.
An association-trained player is basically the same as a homegrown player in the Premier League (with some slight differences around age as mentioned above): three seasons or 36 months before the age of 21 registered to the FA with which the club is affiliated, and doesn’t fall under List B. No more than four of these can be named as part of the “locally-trained” set of 8.
A club-trained player is a player who has spent the same three season / 36 month period at that specific club before the age of 21, and doesn’t fall under List B.
There are some additional rules, but basically, to max out your 25-player squad, you need 4 club-trained and 4 association-trained players. You also can’t just sign young talent and put them on the U21 list, because List B requires 2 years at the club before this can be done. Again, let’s map this out:
* indicates likely departures; “ indicates the possible outgoing of Richarlison and signing of Solanke; ^ indicates the same weird situation with Pape Matar Sarr; ** indicates players potentially not registered for European competition; < indicates players who are association-trained but above the four-player limit
Much like in the Premier League, Spurs need to offload players, as the club is once more well over their 25-man limit. This time, however, there’s a couple of additional problems for Europe not present under the PL regulations.
Firstly, Lucas Bergvall does not qualify for List B, as he’s only just come to Spurs. This means he needs to be registered as one of Spurs’ 17 non-homegrown List A players, which is a bit annoying - but he WILL end up as a List A club-trained player after a few seasons. Archie Gray is similar, but different. Again, he doesn’t qualify as a List B player, but because he came through the ranks at Leeds, an English FA-affiliated club, he goes on the List A association-trained list, and like Bergvall will eventually end up as club-trained.
Secondly, Spurs are struggling with their club-trained numbers, and therefore at present can only register 24 List A players for the Europa League. Somebody like Max Robson from the U21s would now qualify for that list - but the fact Ange Postecoglou left him behind on the preseason tour indicates he isn’t part of Ange’s plans, and even if he was, Oliver Skipp has since been linked with a move away, and Alfie Whiteman is clearly down the goalkeeper pecking order and could depart, meaning that squad size could come down even further.
What does this mean for the transfer window, and the season ahead?
Clearly, the construction of the Spurs squad is not a problem for the Premier League, and there is no need for Spurs to prioritize signing homegrown players at this stage. With some talented youth coming through, and Spurs making some intelligent signings with a look to coming seasons, this squad is well set for the future with a number of these players set to become both homegrown and club-trained.
It’s the 24/25 Europa League though where Spurs have issues. Even if they sold every single player denoted above with a single asterisk, they are STILL unable to register another non-club-trained player for European competition. That means if Spurs wanted to go out and sign say, Pedro Neto, they would be unable to register him for Europa League unless they didn’t register one of the other non-club-trained List A players.
What, then, can Spurs do if they want to make more signings?
One thing Spurs can’t do is manufacture club-trained players out of nowhere. Tottenham need to wait for players to age into that role, and time is the only helper there; EXCEPT for the cases where there are available club-trained players no longer at Spurs. Marcus Edwards and Kyle Walker-Peters are two such players who have had tenuous links back to the club through the summer and could be had for pretty reasonable prices, which would allow Spurs to increase their depth without having to reduce their squad elsewhere. As to whether signing Edwards or Walker-Peters would be a smart investment... well, I’ll leave that argument up to you.
Another thing Spurs could do is just not register players for Europe. This does happen from time to time, though not often; Tottenham did it themselves with a few years back with Gedson Fernandes and Paulo Gazzaniga in the Europa League. There are risks to this approach: you could say the player’s wages are a sunk cost, but the club would be loath to waste an already bought and paid for resource, and it could also potentially unsettle the squad, depending on the player.
I will say that the odd man out on the two List A non-club-trained lists is Ashley Phillips; Spurs may opt to keep him as emergency depth, but in my opinion it’s possible they’ll find him another loan, freeing up a spot. The next cab off the rank is probably Fraser Forster, who isn’t getting any younger, will likely be gone after this season, and I’d say would only see limited minutes as is. That’s putting a lot of trust in Brandon Austin to backup Vicario, but I’d say he’s maybe earned it?
Assuming then that Spurs don’t register Phillips for Europe, the rumored Richarlison / Solanke deals would still leave one spot free in the squad to invest in other priorities. Retaining Richarlison AND signing another striker would mean no room for anyone else, unless Spurs also choose not to register the likes of Forster.